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Detailed Summary The play opens with Pisthetaerus and his friend Euelpides, two Athenians disillusioned by the burdens (بوجھ) of city life. Tired of oppressive taxes (ٹیکس) and the constant clamor and bureaucracy (بیوروکریسی) of Athens, they set out on a quest for freedom. Their journey begins in a desolate (ویران) …

Detailed Character Analysis Pisthetaerus Description:Pisthetaerus is a middle-aged Greek man who decides to leave Athens in search of a better life. Frustrated by the heavy taxes (ٹیکس) and the oppressive control of the city’s officials, he dreams of founding a new society among the birds. Analysis:Pisthetaerus is ambitious (جستجو کرنے …

Aristophanes: The Life of a Comedy Pioneer Introduction Aristophanes is one of the most famous ancient Greek playwrights. Known as the Father of Old Comedy, he used humor and satire to comment on society and politics. His works still inspire writers and audiences today. This guide explores his life—from his …

Context of The Birds by Aristophanes The Birds is more than a whimsical (دلچسپ، فریب انگیز) fantasy—it is a powerful commentary on the society and politics of ancient Athens. Aristophanes, writing during the turmoil of the Peloponnesian (پیلپونیسیئن) War, used humor and satire (طنز) to express his discontent (عدم اطمینان) …

Aristophanes: The Life of a Comedy Pioneer Introduction Aristophanes is one of the most famous ancient Greek playwrights. Known as the Father of Old Comedy, he used humor and satire to comment on society and politics. His works still inspire writers and audiences today. This guide explores his life—from his …

Course Title: English-III Technical Writing and Presentation SkillsCourse Code: ENG-409Credit Hours: 3(3-0) Course Contents: Presentation Skills: Developing effective presentation strategies Utilizing visual aids and tools Engaging diverse audiences Managing Q&A sessions Essay Writing: Crafting descriptive essays Writing narrative pieces Developing discursive essays Formulating argumentative essays Academic Writing: Preparing research proposals …

Course Title: English-II Communication SkillsCourse Code: ENG-308Credit Hours: 3(3-0) Course Contents: Listening and Speaking Skills Understand and use English to express ideas and opinions related to real-life experiences inside and outside the classroom. Provide reasons to justify viewpoints. Understand and use signal markers. Extract information and make notes from lectures. …

Course Title: Introduction to Applied LinguisticsCourse Code: ENG-610Credit Hours: 3(3-0) Course Contents Theories of Language Learning Overview of key theories in language acquisition and learning. Approaches and Methods in Language Learning Grammar-Translation Method (GTM) Direct Method Audio-Lingual Method Natural Approach Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Eclectic Approach Error Analysis Nature and …

Course Title: English-I: Functional EnglishCourse Code: ENG-307Credit Hours: 3(3-0) Course Contents: Basics of Grammar: Parts of speech and use of articles Sentence structure Active and passive voice Practice in unified sentences Analysis of phrase, clause, and sentence structure Transitive and intransitive verbs Punctuation and spelling Comprehension: Answering questions based on …

Course Title: Introduction to Translation StudiesCourse Code: ENG-608Credit Hours: 3(3-0) Course Contents: What is Translation? Definition and scope of translation. Historical overview with emphasis on the 20th and 21st centuries. Equivalence in Translation: Challenges of achieving equivalence at word level and beyond. Types of Translation: Word-for-word translation. Sense-for-sense translation. Cultural …